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Timed Intercourse (TI)
Timed Intercourse (TI) is a fertility treatment strategy that includes timing sexual intercourse during a woman’s fertile window—typically around ovulation—in order to increase the odds of pregnancy. This approach is commonly indicated for couples experiencing unexplained infertility, moderate male factor infertility, or irregular periods.
Key Features of TI:
- Ovulation tracking involves using methods such as basal body temperature (BBT) charting, ovulation prediction kits (OPKs), or ultrasound monitoring to determine the fertile period.
- Natural or Medicated Cycles: Can be done naturally or in conjunction with reproductive medicines (such as Clomid or Letrozole) to induce ovulation.
- Non-intrusive and Cost-Effective: Less costly and less intrusive than IUI or IVF.
- Success Rates: Depending on age and underlying reproductive variables, conception rates are comparable to spontaneous conception (15-25% every cycle for women under 35).
TI is frequently the initial step in fertility therapy before moving on to more sophisticated procedures such as IUI or IVF. Waste no time, click the button below to book a free consultation
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is a fertility procedure that involves inserting cleaned and concentrated sperm directly into the uterus around ovulation to increase the chances of conception.
Key Features of IUI:
- IUI is a less intrusive and cost-effective alternative to IVF.
- Used to treat unexplained infertility, minor male factor infertility, cervical mucus difficulties, and single women/LGBTQ+ utilizing donor sperm.
- Success rate: 10-20% every cycle (greater with fertility medications such as Clomid/Letrozole).
- Process:
- Ovulation stimulation (optional with medicine).
- Sperm washing eliminates contaminants and chooses motile sperm.
- Insemination (the transfer of sperm into the uterus using a catheter).
When is IUI recommended?
- After 3 to 6 unsuccessful Timed Intercourse (TI) cycles.
- Before progressing to more complex therapies such as IVF.
Limitations:
- Not suitable for severe male infertility or closed fallopian tubes.
- Using ovulation-stimulating medications increases the probability of multiple pregnancies by around 10%.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a cutting-edge reproductive procedure in which eggs and sperm are joined outside the body in a lab to produce embryos that are then placed into the uterus.
Key Features of IVF
- IVF is the most successful Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) for treating severe infertility.
- Used to treat blocked tubes, severe male infertility, endometriosis, advanced maternal age, and unsuccessful IUI.
- Success rate is ~40-60% every cycle (under 35), declining with age.
- Process:
- Ovarian Stimulation (hormonal injections used to create multiple eggs).
- Egg retrieval is a minor surgical operation performed under sedation.
- Fertilization (in-lab with partner/donor sperm using ICSI or traditional IVF).
- Embryo culture (3–5 days in an incubator).
- Embryo transfer (implantation of 1-2 best embryos in the uterus).
Advantages include
- high success rates, even for severe infertility situations.
- PGT (genetic testing) is an option for screening embryos.
- Donor eggs and sperm can be used if needed.
Limitations:
- Expensive and invasive compared to IUI/TI.
- The possibility of multiple pregnancies (if many embryos are transplanted).
- Some incidences result in Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS).
Next Step: Frequently advised following a failed IUI or when natural conception is improbable.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is a cutting-edge IVF procedure in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to promote fertilization by bypassing natural barriers.
Key Features of ICSI
- ICSI is used for severe male infertility (low count, motility, and morphology), prior IVF fertilization failure, or surgically extracted sperm (TESA/TESE).
- Process:
- An embryologist chooses viable sperm.
- A small needle is used to introduce it into the cytoplasm of the egg.
- Fertilized embryos are grown and transferred using typical IVF techniques.
- Success rate is comparable to IVF (50-70% fertilization per egg).
Advantage:
- Resolves severe sperm-related infertility.
- Allows paternity with extremely low sperm counts (including non-motile sperm).
- Compatible with frozen sperm and testicular biopsies.
Limitations:
- Slightly more expensive than standard IVF.
- Rare dangers include egg damage (≤5% of instances) or potential genetic issues (most kids are OK).
When is ICSI recommended?
- Following unsuccessful IVF fertilization or an abnormal semen analysis.
- PGT (genetic testing) is used by couples to check the wellbeing of their embryo.
Cryopreservation of Gametes
The practice of keeping gametes (oocytes and sperm) viable for later use by storing them at extremely low temperatures (usually -196°C in liquid nitrogen) is known as cryopreservation.
Key Points:
- Purpose:
- allows for the long-term preservation of eggs and sperm for IVF and ICSI reproductive therapies.
- protects cancer patients’ fertility before to radiation or chemotherapy.
- supports initiatives for sperm and egg donation.
- Techniques:
- Slow Freezing: Cooling gradually to avoid the production of ice crystals.
- Vitrification: Quick freezing with strong cryoprotectant concentrations to prevent ice damage (better for oocytes).
- Challenges:
- Sperm: Extremely robust, but in need of appropriate cryoprotectants.
- Oocytes: Because of their high water content, they are more sensitive; vitrification increases their chances of survival.
- Applications:
- technology for assisted reproduction (ART).
- conservation of genetic material for threatened species.
Reproductive medicine has been transformed by cryopreservation, which offers promise for both fertility preservation and infertility therapy.
Note: The use of cryoprotectants and carefully monitored freezing/thawing procedures are essential for success.
Ovarian and Endometrial Rejuvenation
In order to promote fertility, hormonal balance, and reproductive health, sophisticated medical procedures known as “ovarian and endometrial rejuvenation” are used to restore or improve the function of the ovaries and the endometrium (uterine lining).
Key Aspect:
- Ovarian Rejuvenation
- The goal is to restore ovarian function in women who suffer from premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or decreased ovarian reserve (DOR).
- Methods:
- Growth factors are injected into the ovaries during platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in order to promote follicular activity.
- Mesenchymal stem cells are used in stem cell therapy to promote ovarian tissue regeneration.
- A surgical method for reviving dormant follicles is called ovarian fragmentation and activation (IVA).
- Rejuvenation of the Endometrium:
- The goal is to increase endometrial thickness and implantation receptivity.
- Methods:
- PRP Infusion: Promotes blood flow and endometrial development.
- Hormonal Therapy: Thickening the lining using estrogen supplements.
- In thin or damaged endometrium, stem cell therapy encourages tissue repair.
Applications:
- Helps women with weak ovarian/uterine function who are infertile.
- enhances endometrial receptivity and egg quality, which helps IVF succeed.
- possible application in the repair of menopausal hormones.
Note: The effectiveness of these treatments varies and they are continuously developing. It will need further investigation to standardize procedures.
Pre-genetic Testing/Diagnosis (PDG)
An sophisticated reproductive technique called preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), formerly known as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), is used to check embryos for genetic disorders prior to implantation during in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Types of PGT:
- Aneuploidy Screening, or PGT-A:
- makes sure there are no chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome.
- enhances the success of IVF by choosing embryos with the appropriate number of chromosomes.
- Monogenic/Single Gene Disorders, or PGT-M:
- detects some genetic illnesses that are inherited, such as sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis.
- aids in preventing transmission to children.
- Structural Rearrangements, or PGT-SR:
- checks carriers for chromosomal abnormalities such as translocations or inversions.
Method:
- IVF is used to generate embryos.
- A few embryonic cells (blastocyst stage, day five) are biopsied.
- Techniques like PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) are used in genetic analysis.
- Only embryos in good health are chosen for transfer.
Applications:
- Lowers the chance of hereditary illnesses.
- selects viable embryos, increasing the success rate of IVF.
- Sometimes used for sex selection (family balancing).
Note: The selection of embryos and designer infants raise ethical questions. Each country has its own set of regulations.
PGT has transformed assisted reproduction, allowing high-risk couples to have healthier pregnancies.
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About Us
Harmon Clinic & Fertility Clinic, a premier fertility clinic and facility devoted to assisting single people and couples in realizing their aspirations of becoming parents.
- 08037089736, 09063926614
- harmonyfertilityclinic4all@gmail.com
- No. 8 Linda Chalker Street, Asokoro, Abuja - Federal Capital Territory (FCT)
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